On January 20, 1984, Earl Washington—defended for all of forty minutes by a lawyer who had never tried a death penalty case—was found guilty of rape... and murder in the state of Virginia and sentenced to death. After nine years on death row, DNA testing cast doubt on his conviction and saved his life. However, he spent another eight years in prison before more sophisticated DNA technology proved his innocence and convicted the guilty man.DNA exonerations have shattered confidence in the criminal justice system by exposing how often we have convicted the innocent and let the guilty walk free. In this unsettling in-depth analysis, Brandon Garrett examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing.Based on trial transcripts, Garrett’s investigation into the causes of wrongful convictions reveals larger patterns of incompetence, abuse, and error. Evidence corrupted by suggestive eyewitness procedures, coercive interrogations, unsound and unreliable forensics, shoddy investigative practices, cognitive bias, and poor lawyering illustrates the weaknesses built into our current criminal justice system. Garrett proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory. Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. How many unjust convictions are there that we will never discover? Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases.

This book examines how the early modern Portuguese state used convicts and orphans to populate its global empire over a period of two hundred years. In... a country with as small a population base and the global labor requirements of Portugal, no one was expendable, not even such marginal figures as criminals, gypsies, orphans, and prostitutes. The author examines how the Portuguese judicial system, Overseas Council, Courts of the Inquisition, and charities coordinated their efforts to populate border cities in Portugal during the Middle Ages, and then turned to various sites in the empire as places of exile for these elements of society. In addition, he addresses the issue of gender in the state’s use of two distinct groups of single women as colonizers, orphan girls and reformed prostitutes, each given state-awarded dowries if they agreed to relocate overseas.We are well acquainted with this system as it was used by the British in Australia in the nineteenth century, and much work has been done on similar efforts by other imperial powers, such as France, Spain, Russia, and China, to populate remote regions of their empires. However, this is the first study of the much earlier Portuguese case, and it provides a significant link between the medieval and modern applications of penal exile.The Portuguese state, with a population in 1600 one-sixth that of Great Britain and one-tenth that of France, exiled around 50,000 people, the same number as each of these larger powers. The punishment of exile was thus far more pervasive in Portuguese society. This work represents a new chapter in the study of exile as a punishment and the use of criminals as colonizers. It helps to explain the longevity of the Portuguese global empire as well as the growth of informal Portuguese-related communities around the world.

The Middle Ages in Spain—the the period from the Muslim conquest of 711 to the expulsion of the Jews and the defeat of the last Muslim ruler in... 1492—witnessed an extraordinary "Golden Age" through the intermingling of its Jewish, Muslim, and Christian inhabitants. This volume explores the nature of their coexistence (termed convivencia by Spanish historians), which embraced not only ideological interchange and cultural influence, but also mutual friction, rivalry, and suspicion.The cultural and social dynamics underlying convivencia powerfully influenced the creation of poetry, art, architecture, and the material culture of Spain, as well as the transmission and absorption of scientific ideas and technology from East to West. Explored by leading scholars in each of these fields, the cultural treasures of convivencia range from Hebrew biblical manuscripts illuminated with Islamic stylistic motifs, to astrolabes with Latin inscriptions, to the first examples of secular Hebrew poetry. More than one hundred of the objects are united for the first time in an exhibition at the Jewish Museum, New York.At a time when the study of cultural fusion is receiving increasing attention, this volume offers a fresh and comprehensive view of Spain's pluralistic medieval society. Moreover, it celebrates an inspiring history of cultural achievement in the context of intergroup relations that were both negative and positive. 36 color and 60 b/w plates.

Ideal for helping you develop Spanish writing proficiency and critical thinking at the intermediate-to-advanced level, CONVOCACIỐN DE PALABRAS:... LECTURAS Y REDACCIỐN. By reading and discussing of literary texts from Spain and Spanish-speaking America, you'll develop the strategies you need to read a literary selection, analyze it for meaning, and react to it personally. Activities help you develop skills for approaching literature more effectively and to use those skills across disciplines to ensure your comprehension and enjoyment of literature as a whole.

Co-occurring Substance Abuse and Mental Disorder: A Practitioner's Guide is a basic overview of current evidence-based practices for treating... co-occurring disorders. Co-occurring disorders, also known as dual diagnosis, refers to individuals who have both a mental illness and a co-morbid substance use disorder. The literature suggests that utilizing an "integrated" approach to treatment, treating both disorders concurrently in a program with clinicians specially trained in mental illness and substance abuse, provides the best outcomes for this population. This book is designed to provide clinicians with the basic knowledge and skills required to effectively assess and treat co-occurring disorders.

This is a Pageburst digital textbook; Master the assistive strategies you need to make confident clinical decisions and help improve the quality of life... for people with disabilities with the latest edition of this comprehensive text. Based on the Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) model developed by the authors, the book provides detailed coverage of the broad range of devices, services, and practices that comprise assistive technology and focuses on the relationship between the human user and the assisted activity within specific contexts. This new edition has been expanded and updated, and features new multimedia components that further demonstrate how to apply the concepts you've learned to real-world practice.Focus on clinical application guides you in applying concepts to real-world situations.Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) framework demonstrates assistive technology within common, everyday contexts for more relevant application.Review questions and chapter summaries in each chapter help you assess your understanding and identify areas where more study is needed.Assistive Technology for Cognitive Augmentation chapter gives you a foundation in the growing use of assistive technology to enhance human cognitive processes.Technologies that Aid Transportation familiarizes you with the many options of transportation assistance available and helps you determine which are right for your clients.Separate chapters on sensory aid for visual and auditory impairment provide additional strategies in these key assistive areas.Bound-in companion CD-ROM features videos of assessment and device use that helps you visualize procedures and reinforce your clinical application skills.Evolve resources test your understanding of terms and concepts and link you to supplemental sources for further research.Additional case studies throughout the text prepare you for practice with realistic client scenarios.Expanded evidence-based content supports concepts with real-world research data.Additional photographs, illustrations, tables, and boxes provide clear visual references and quick access to important information.

Master the assistive strategies you need to make confident clinical decisions and help improve the quality of life for people with disabilities with the... latest edition of this comprehensive text. Based on the Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) model developed by the authors, the book provides detailed coverage of the broad range of devices, services, and practices that comprise assistive technology and focuses on the relationship between the human user and the assisted activity within specific contexts. This new edition has been expanded and updated, and features new multimedia components that further demonstrate how to apply the concepts you've learned to real-world practice.Focus on clinical application guides you in applying concepts to real-world situations.Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) framework demonstrates assistive technology within common, everyday contexts for more relevant application.Review questions and chapter summaries in each chapter help you assess your understanding and identify areas where more study is needed.Assistive Technology for Cognitive Augmentation chapter gives you a foundation in the growing use of assistive technology to enhance human cognitive processes.Technologies that Aid Transportation familiarizes you with the many options of transportation assistance available and helps you determine which are right for your clients.Separate chapters on sensory aid for visual and auditory impairment provide additional strategies in these key assistive areas.Bound-in companion CD-ROM features videos of assessment and device use that helps you visualize procedures and reinforce your clinical application skills.Evolve resources test your understanding of terms and concepts and link you to supplemental sources for further research.Additional case studies throughout the text prepare you for practice with realistic client scenarios.Expanded evidence-based content supports concepts with real-world research data.Additional photographs, illustrations, tables, and boxes provide clear visual references and quick access to important information.

By twenty-one, Jeff Henderson was making up to $35,000 a week cooking and selling crack cocaine. By twenty-four, he had been sentenced to nineteen and... a half years in prison on federal drug trafficking charges. It was an all-too-familiar story for a young man raised on the streets of South Central LA. But what happened next wasn't. Once inside prison, Jeff Henderson worked his way up from dishwasher to chief prison cook, and when he was released in 1996, he had found his passion and his dream—he would become a professional chef. Barely five years out of federal prison, he was on his way to becoming an executive chef, as well as being a sought-after public speaker on human potential and a dedicated mentor to at-risk youth. A window into the streets and the fast-paced kitchens of world-renowned restaurants, Cooked is a very human story with a powerful message of commitment, redemption, and change.

In an era of outfitted home kitchens and food fascination, it's no wonder home cooks who never learned the fundamentals of the kitchen are intimidated.... Twenty years ago, James Peterson could relate, and so he taught himself by cooking his way through professional kitchens and stacks of books, logging the lessons of his kitchen education one by one. Now one of the country's most revered cooking teachers, Peterson provides the confidence-building instructions home cooks need to teach themselves to cook consistently with ease and success. COOKING is the only all-in-one instructional that details the techniques that cooks really need to master, teaches all the basic recipes, and includes hundreds of photos that illuminate and inspire.    • Cooking authority James Peterson's definitive, all-inclusive learn-to-cook cookbook.    • 600 hard-working recipes everyone should know how to make-from the perfect roasted chicken to bouillabaisse and apple pie.    • 1,500 instructional photos, showing exactly how recipes are made, teach food-literate novices to cook with confidence and more advanced cooks to expand their repertoire.   • James Peterson has more than 1 million cookbooks in print.

Ever have food fantasies in a truly international vein—an appetizer of feta cheese and roasted pepper spread, an entrée of spinach ravioli and... steaming coq au vin, with a side of bulghur wheat and parsley salad, topped, finally, with a dish of cool gelato di crema (vanilla ice cream) and chocolate souffle for dessert. Well, fulfilling food fantasies that read like the menu in the UN cafeteria is now entirely possible. With Cooking All Around the World All-in-One For Dummies, you’ll be introduced to the cooking styles and recipes from eight of the world’s most respected cuisines, experiencing, in the comfort of your own kitchen, the fabulous variety of foods, flavors, and cultures that have made the world go round for centuries.With a roster of cooking pros and all-star chefs, including Mary Sue Milliken, Susan Feniger and Martin Yan, Cooking All Around the World All-in-One For Dummies includes some of the most popular recipes from Mexican, Italian, French, Greek and Middle Eastern, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and Thai cuisines, revealing the cooking secrets that have made these recipes so winning and, in some cases, such a snap. Inside, you’ll find:The essential ingredients and tools of the trade common to each cuisineThe basic cooking techniques specific to each cuisineHow to think like an Italian or Chinese chefWhat the inside of a French, Greek and Middle Eastern, and Japanese kitchen really looks likeAnd once you become familiar with the new world of spices and ingredients, you’ll be whipping up tasty, new exotic dishes in no time! Page after page will bring you quickly up to speed on how to make each part of the menu—from appetizers, entrées, to desserts—a sparkling success:Starters, snacks, and sides—including Gazpacho, Tuscan Bread Salad, Leeks in Vinaigrette, Falafel, Spring Rolls, Miso Soup, Chicken Satays with Peanut SauceThe main event—including Chipotle Glazed Chicken, Lasagna, Cauliflower au Gratin, Lamb Kebabs, Grilled Tandoori Chicken, Braised Fish Hunan Style, Shrimp and Veggie TempuraSweet endings—including Mexican Bread Pudding, Biscotti, Chocolate Souffle, Yogurt Cake, Mango Ice Cream, Green Tea Ice Cream, Coconut Custard with Glazed BananasWith over 300 delicious recipes, a summary cheat sheet of need-to-know info, black-and-white how-to illustrations, and humorous cartoons, this down-to-earth guide will having you whipping up dishes from every part of the globe. Whether it’s using a wok or tandoori oven, with Cooking All Around the World All-in-One For Dummies every meal promises to be an adventure, spoken in the international language of good food.

Basic tools, techniques, and recipes for creating easy, delicious mealsIt doesn't take culinary mastery and great recipes to be a great cook. Cooking... Basics For Dummies, 4th Edition, appeals to beginners who want to learn the basics of cooking and implement understandable and practical recipes in their everyday cooking experience.. Cooking Basics For Dummies digs you out of microwave dinners and tipping delivery persons and propels you with all the ingredients you need toward becoming a superior home cook. This hands-on guide shows you the fun and easy way to prepare meals all your guests and family members will love, from die-hard vegetarians to the most passionate meat eaters.Fun, tasty, and easy recipes the whole family will enjoy for every occasionCovers grilling, slow cooking, pressure cooking, roasting, and sautŽingConsiderations for vegetarians, special diets, and sustainable dishes with flavor and pizzazzWith the help of Cooking Basics For Dummies, you'll be able to handle boiling, poaching, steaming, braising, grilling, and so much more like a master.

Are you the innovative type, the cook who marches to a different drummer -- used to expressing your creativity instead of just following recipes? Are... you interested in the science behind what happens to food while it's cooking? Do you want to learn what makes a recipe work so you can improvise and create your own unique dish? More than just a cookbook, Cooking for Geeks applies your curiosity to discovery, inspiration, and invention in the kitchen. Why is medium-rare steak so popular? Why do we bake some things at 350 F/175 C and others at 375 F/190 C? And how quickly does a pizza cook if we overclock an oven to 1,000 F/540 C? Author and cooking geek Jeff Potter provides the answers and offers a unique take on recipes -- from the sweet (a "mean" chocolate chip cookie) to the savory (duck confit sugo). This book is an excellent and intriguing resource for anyone who wants to experiment with cooking, even if you don't consider yourself a geek. Initialize your kitchen and calibrate your tools Learn about the important reactions in cooking, such as protein denaturation, Maillard reactions, and caramelization, and how they impact the foods we cook Play with your food using hydrocolloids and sous vide cooking Gain firsthand insights from interviews with researchers, food scientists, knife experts, chefs, writers, and more, including author Harold McGee, TV personality Adam Savage, chemist Hervé This, and xkcd From Cooking for Geeks: Butternut Squash Soup Purée in a food processor or with an immersion blender: 2 cups (660g) butternut squash, peeled, cubed, and roasted (about 1 medium squash) 2 cups (470g) chicken, turkey, or vegetable stock 1 small (130g) yellow onion, diced and sautéed 1/2 teaspoon (1g) salt (adjust to taste) Notes The weights are for the prepared ingredients and only rough suggestions. So, prepare each item individually. For example, for the squash, peel it, then coat it with olive oil, sprinkle it with salt, and roast it in the oven at a temperature around 400–425 F / 200–220 C until it begins to brown. When you go to purée the ingredients, hold back some of the squash and some of the stock, taste the purée, and see which you think it needs. Want it thicker? Add more squash. Thinner? Add more stock. This soup by itself is very basic. Garnish with whatever else you have on hand that you think might go well, such as garlic croutons and bacon. Or top with a small dab of cream, some toasted walnuts, and dried cranberries to give it a feeling of Thanksgiving. How about a teaspoon of maple syrup, a few thin slices of beef, and some fresh oregano? Chives, sour cream, and cheddar cheese? Why not! Instead of purchasing items to follow a recipe exactly, try using leftover ingredients from other meals to complement the squash soup. If you’re in a rush, you can “jump-start” the squash by microwaving it first. Peel and quarter the squash, using a spoon to scoop out the seeds. Then, cube it into 1–2” / 3–5 cm pieces, drop it into a glass baking pan that’s both oven and microwave safe, and nuke it for four to five minutes to partially heat the mass. Remove from microwave, coat the squash with olive oil and a light sprinkling of salt, and roast it in a preheated oven until done, about 20 to 30 minutes. If you’re not in a rush, you can skip the peeling step entirely: cut the squash in half, scoop out the seeds, add oil and salt, roast it for about an hour (until the flesh is soft), and use a spoon to scoop it out. Pumpkin Cake There are two broad types of cake batters: high- ratio cakes--those that have more sugar and water than flour (or by some definitions, just a lot of sugar)--and low-ratio cakes—which tend to have coarser crumbs. For high-ratio cakes, there should be more sugar than flour (by weight) and more eggs than fats (again, by weight), and the liquid mass (eggs, milk, water) should be heavier than the sugar. Consider this pumpkin cake, which is a high-ratio cake (245g of pumpkin contains 220g of water--you can look these sorts of things up in the USDA National Nutrient Database, available online at http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/). In a mixing bowl, measure out and then mix with an electric mixer to thoroughly combine: 1 cup (245g) pumpkin (canned, or roast and puree your own) 1 cup (200g) sugar 3/4 cup (160g) canola oil 2 large (120g) eggs 1 1/2 cups (180g) flour 1/4 cup (40g) raisins 2 teaspoons (5g) cinnamon 1 teaspoon (5g) baking powder 1/2 teaspoon (5g) baking soda 1/2 teaspoon (3g) salt 1/2 teaspoon (2g) vanilla extract Transfer to a greased cake pan or spring form and bake in an oven preheated to 350 F / 175 C until a toothpick comes out dry, about 20 minutes. Notes Try adding dried pears soaked in brandy. You can also hold back some of the raisins and sprinkle them on top. One nice thing about high-ratio cakes is that they don’t have much gluten, so they won’t turn out like bread, even with excessive beating. With a total weight of 920 grams, of which only roughly 20 grams is gluten, there just isn’t enough gluten present in this cake to give it a bread-like texture. There’s also a fair amount of both sugar and fats to interfere with gluten development.

As African American women left slavery and the plantation economy behind, many entered domestic service in southern cities and towns. Cooking was one of... the primary jobs they performed in white employers' homes, feeding generations of white families and, in the process, profoundly shaping southern foodways and culture. Rebecca Sharpless argues that, in the face of discrimination, long workdays, and low wages, African American cooks worked to assert measures of control over their own lives and to maintain spaces for their own families despite the demands of employers and the restrictions of segregation. Sharpless also shows how these women's employment served as a bridge from old labor arrangements to new ones. As opportunities expanded in the twentieth century, most African American women chose to leave cooking for more lucrative and less oppressive manufacturing, clerical, or professional positions. Through letters, autobiography, and oral history, this book evokes African American women's voices from slavery to the open economy, examining their lives at work and at home. Sharpless looks beyond stereotypes to introduce the real women who left their own houses and families each morning to cook in other women's kitchens.